Oceans cover nearly three-quarters of the Earth’s surface and underpin global ecological balance, climate regulation, and economic activity. With over 85% of global trade transiting through maritime routes and hundreds of millions of people dependent on coastal and marine resources for livelihoods, the sustainable management of oceans has become imperative. In response to escalating challenges such as marine pollution, climate change, overfishing, and ecosystem degradation, the concept of the Blue Economy has emerged as a framework that promotes economic growth, social equity, and environmental sustainability through responsible use of ocean resources. Recognised internationally since the Rio+20 Conference and aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Life below Water), the Blue Economy offers an alternative pathway for sustainable development.

India, with its 7,500 km coastline, extensive Exclusive Economic Zone, rich maritime heritage, and strategic location in the Indian Ocean, holds immense potential to leverage the Blue Economy as a driver of national growth. Government initiatives such as Sagarmala and the Draft Blue Economy Policy Framework 2020 highlight fisheries, aquaculture, fish processing, logistics, inland waterways, and port-led development as priority areas. Among these, the marine fisheries and seafood sector represents a significant yet underexploited opportunity. Despite being the world’s second-largest fish producer, India’s marine seafood market remains largely confined to coastal regions, with limited penetration into inland states where non-vegetarian consumption is high and demand is steadily increasing.